In the early hours of January 14, 1902, the garrison inside the Masmak Fortress slept
as the forces of Abdulaziz Bin Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal Al Saud gathered and
prepared for attack. Taking the fortress by surprise, Abdulaziz captured the
fort and took control of Riyadh, his ancestral home after having lived in exile
in Kuwait. From this fortress, Abdulaziz Al Saud conquered and united the different
kingdoms and provinces that make up the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The
clay and mud-brick fort was built around 1865 by the prince of Riyadh
Abdulrahman Ibn Sulaiman Ibn Dabaan under the reign of Mohammed Ibn Abdullah Ibn Rasheed (1289–1315 AH), the ruler of Ha’il to the north, who had wrested
control of the city from the rival clan of Al Saud. It was used by King
Abdulaziz from 1902 to 1938 until a new palace was constructed. The Saudi
government made a series of renovations in the 1980s as part of an effort to
restore and maintain artifacts important to Saudi history.
Visitors
enter the fort from an open plaza and through a palm tree gate that is 12 high
by about 9 ft wide. The door features an opening, called Al-Khokha, that is
just big enough for one person to pass at a time, a defensive measure. Inside,
the fort houses a collection of historical artifacts, including guns used in
the assault along with a working well. Like with any important building the
fort houses a small mosque for its occupants.
Visitors
are also treated to a video detailing the history of the assault and the
founding of the modern kingdom, though this is in Arabic with English subtitles
(an English version can be seen at the National Museum of Saudi Arabia complete
with a laser light show).
The
fort is situated near busy streets, surrounded by a bustling market with
shops selling everything from clothes, jewelry, gold, tailored suits,
souvenirs, and a tasty treat simply called Corn in a Cup (it is buttered salted
corn kernels, in a cup and it is delicious). No visit to Masmak is complete
without a stroll through this wonderful market.
If you
happen to have a visa to Saudi Arabia, you will find out things tend to close
during the day (mainly for prayers but it can also be very hot depending on the
time of the year) and there are only certain times women can visit. The fort is
open from Saturdays to Thursdays from 8 a.m. till 12 noon and again from 4 p.m.
till 9 p.m (shops in the market are also open these same times). Thursdays are
exclusively meant for "families" which means men and women can visit
in mixed company. Western women can go alone, but it is advisable to go in a
small group.
@Copyright. bryanwoerner
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