Secrets of The Colosseun in Rome : A Wonder


 Secrets of The Colosseum in Rome : A Wonder

 








 

It was a spectacle of design and engineering, the biggest building they ever built. It spans nearly 2000 feet around and soon after it opened in the 80’ it was decorated in glamming brown shields and 16 foots statues of gods & heroes.


To this day the Colosseum stands as a powerful landmark on the skyline of Rome.  In the amphitheater more than 50 thousand spectators during the blood shedding athletes continues to hunt imagination. Gladiators fighting to the death, mass crucifixions, animal hunt – over four century, the Colosseum was witnessed to an estimated millions of human deaths and with 11 thousands animals killed in a season. Some species like the Volcan Lion and a north African elephant was driven to an extinction. Yet the Colosseum is much more than a spectacular slaughter house, it was complexly designed and engineered construction.


Watching fighting on the regular basis for entertainment gave the Romans sense of who they were and influenced them with the kind of military thoughts. Ancient Roman author such as Marshal in his book of spectacles described how the “Word Order” played out in the arena state. Because the emperor, the master illusion, on his command numerous elephants, crocodile, rhinos magically appeared to be dispatched by the hunters. A condemned criminal is dressed in wings, incredibly across the arena according to the Greek myth. Fantastic sea battles used to take place where thousands of war prisoners are either slaughtered or drown. Can this astonish elaboration and extreme killing be true?  Or hangs between the boundary of history and myth and became blur? To find the answer… we must dive deep.

 

Most recently the Colosseum was brought back to life in the film “Gladiator” where tigers comes out from nowhere but under earth. Parts of the movie Gladiator are based on the events portrayed in ancient mosaic. They depict gladiators locked in combat and wild beast mulling people. But no one knows how these animals magically appeared. Some scholars suspect that the secret might be hidden in the Colosseum basement.


The Hypogeum, Greek word for underground was made with corridors and collapsed wall. Today arena floor has been partially rebuilt for the tourists. The original was made with wood and covered in sands to absorb blood. The floor and wooden support was long gone. But edged in the walls best defines deep cuts and grouts. Even the floors are bearing series of brown holes of concrete. These holes were used to hold capstan.  Capstan is a large brown pool that can be used to turn something. A ramp from the capstan goes to the arena. Support framing from the floor of the hypogeum to the floor of the arena, half way up a horizontal beam for worker to stand up. A capstan with pool for workers to turn around and up. And finally a trap door that could be lower to become a ramp leading to the arena floor. All these together creates an ancient lifting system.   


Throughout the hypogeum, best describes ancient backstage machineries, a total of 28 lifts.


Why the Romans did built the Colosseum to stage this bloody events. Part of the answer is hiding in plain sight.


For years a cast aside stone was used a place for the  visitors to rest. This stone is very important but was completely unnoticed. In the 18th hundred an encryption was discovered on the surface of the stone which ended up standing in the Colosseum museum where its once again remained largely unnoticed. But hidden beneath these fifth century latters may be another much earlier encryption.

Mixed within the engraved latters, there are a series of strange holes. These holes were nothing but bronze letter once fastened to the stone. 

 

“IMP.CAES.VESPASI AMPHITHEATRV EXMANVBIS”

It means “The Emperor Vespasian order this new amphitheater to be constructed from the boudi .  

 

Titus Flavian Vespatian become emperor in the year 69. The following year he ordered construction of the colosssum to begin.

The stone is the prove of it’s dedication and the latter spelled out how the colosseum was paid for, with boudi. But boudi from where?

Vespasian son left us a clew on the nearby archive Titus. On it, depictions of Roman sacking the temple in Jerusalem. One of the panels depicts the manor and sacred table carried by young romans.  This is quintessential war boudi. The things that melt the most to the people from whom they were seized.

 

Following his sons conquested Judaea in the year 70, Vespasian was shining with gold and slaves, he can build anything he wants. So why the colosseum?

Vespasian needs a building that makes a bold statement that he, Vespasian Flavious is nothing like the emperor before him, the infamous Nero.

Emperor Nero’s rules are marked by extravagance and much of Rome burning. He confiscates land and built a pleasure palace with gardens and a man-made lake. Nero is driven from the thrown, commit suicide and Rome engulfed into civil war. After a ghastly year of civil war and suicide of Nero, everything in his living power to ingratiate of himself, Vespasian, in the senate and consolidate his personal power.  After fighting his way to the thrown, Vespasian cast himself as the Anti-Nero. He buries Nero’s powers, fills in his lake and  on top built the amphitheater, a public building for blood sports. It was the largest and most expensive building in the Rome, a building for popular entertainment. It celebrates military powers and put it into a frightening, exciting chastening context.  The Colosseum is a perfect symbol of how Vespasian in Rome came to power.

The amphitheater constructed 20 years after the Colosseum. In general, still the Romans believe that the Colosseum was built with the idea of Greece but its not the true. It was definitely a Roman invention.  “Am-phi” means  double in Greek and “Amphitheater” is translate as double theater. If a Greek theater is just double , it will be round. But the Roman amphitheater is a stretched circle, or an ovule. The ovule shape of the amphitheater may be a direct result of the buildings functions.  A place for gladiator combat. Most buildings are rectangular and that’s a bad thing.  If a fighter get stuck in a corner, its much easier to be killed. The ovule shape helps to long the action to the maximum entertainment. This shape has a dynamic quality. No corners, everything is smooth, so gladiators can move around. It helps to maintain the excitement. An amphitheater for gladiators combat is a uniquely Roman and  formed   and function. Exactly the symbol emperor Vespasian needs to project his power and inspire Roman pride.

Today the Colosseum is a majestic ruin. Over the centuries, everything of value was stolen from its wall. But coins maintain it hopefully. In the coin, curving on tombs show how the Colosseum was likely decorated. On it, there were 160 bronze statues, 16 feet tall, representing gods and heroes, the Romans used to believe. On its top layer, glinting brown disk symbolizing the power, finally framing the arches were columns of various architectural orders. Greek capital on the upper three layers but on the street level roman capitals. Vespasian is giving the people the place Romans exactly what they want, Greek orders, Greek statues but all with a Roman twist.

The Colosseum decoration amplify the message of the buildings monumental spheres, “ We Roman love Greek art & culture but we have surpassed them. Rome is the new super power”

As a final touch, there was a bronze chamber above the entry of the north side where emperor could make his great entrance. But Vespasian will never walk or neither. He died just months before the Colosseum is completed. He does lives a lasting legacy tough. The largest building in Rome and the imperial dynasty.  For the first time in Roman history, an emperor is directly succeeded by his natural sign. In the year 80, Titus helms the game in honor of his father. 

Roman author Marshal, in his “ the book of spectacles” describes the inaugural games, a 100 days of crucifixion, wild beast shows, gladiator combat and for the first time the acting out of Greek Myths with an elaborate scenery and actual death. the criminals would forced to be dressed like the Greek Myths and to be killed while acting in the Colosseum in front of 50 million audience clapping.

“Maaks Sea Battle” were ships were sunk with hundreds of prisoners on board. What astonish with Marshal is not mass murder by drowning, but rather how it was pulled off. How could the Colosseum be flooded water for sea battles in the morning then draining quickly enough for gladiators combat in the afternoon. 

 [To be continued]



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